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Secret Intelligence Service
Unit
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Equipment for the Sniper Team (C-IV)
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The sniper team must be in possession of only the equipment and only those stocks that are required to perform combat tasks within an estimated time. In certain cases, restocking, both for operational purposes and for survival, it may have to depend on the items or provide hiding places. I am to describe the composition of standard, additional and special equipment that may be required sniper team.
Standard Equipment
To determine the composition and quantity of equipment required to complete the task, the sniper team is assessing the situation – the nature of the combat mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops and support available, time available and local conditions. Due to the unique circumstances of sniper operations, each team must be in possession of the following :
System **** sniper weapon (with 100 rounds ammunition)
Sniper book, logbook, cards range – table wind, table amendments to the elevation of the target
Automatic Rifle (with a night sight and ammunition 200 … 210 rounds)
Telescope ************* tripod (or equivalent, with a constant magnification 15x or 20x or 15x variable magnification of up to 45h)
Binoculars (preferably 7-fold, with a 50 mm lens and goniometric net)
*** Pistol (with ammunition 45 9mm rounds)
*** (if necessary)
Radio
Camouflage clothing (made sniper yourself)
Compass (preferably **)
Watch (waterproof, with a second hand and dial illumination)
Maps and charts the area of operations
Special equipment for a combat mission
Additional Equipment
A variety of equipment that can be used by snipers so to perform routine or special combat missions, really there are no limits. After a thorough analysis of the problem, the sniper must choose only what he/she needs. Too much equipment can seriously hamper mobility, reduce endurance and stealth shooters. Let me describe the recommended additional equipment for the sniper team.
Strap – In the absence of solid support for stability when firing a sniper rifle uses a standard cloth or leather strap. The main belt used by a sniper, should be leather belt. Superior fabric belt *** rifle better leather belt in terms of reliability and ease of use. To use the belt sniper must change it, but it’s an easy modification. Cloth Girdle *** rifle is not suitable for shooting with a belt.
A camouflage uniform, which is covered in an arbitrary manner different coloured fabric strips or other similar material. These strips are folded in half and sewn mainly to the back, legs, sleeves and shoulders suit. Then cut strips to blur the silhouette of the sniper and masking on the background of the surrounding vegetation or terrain. To the rear of the collar and shoulders can be sewn costume veil and, if necessary, to throw down. This veil helps blur the outline of the head, hide and catch sight of the lens cartridge cases.
NOTE: In concert with the military combatant units and parts, snipers must not wear uniforms of the soldiers. Wearing a suit in such cases unmasks snipers and make them a prime target for the enemy, especially for enemy snipers.
Spare Parts, Tools and Accessories
At run time, as long and short-term operations, snipers should never leave spare parts, tools and accessories at base. When the short-term transactions may include spare parts supplies for cleaning weapons and optical devices, or may include tools and spare parts during long operations, such as keeping internal security or operations in urban environments. The amount and composition of spare parts for the task will also depend on the system of logistics, available in a war zone.
calculator
To determine the distance the sniper team needs a pocket calculator. Calculators powered by solar panels usually work fine, but in low light conditions better to use calculators on batteries. If a sniper in low light conditions is using a calculator with a battery-powered, it must ensure that the calculator has a backlit display. However, it should never depend solely on the calculator.
Other Equipment
Knives, bayonets, entrenching tools, pliers, scissors and backpacks will be used based on the nature of the combat mission and common sense. The sniper team must best determine what specific items to bring for each specific task.
Special Equipment
In special cases, or to perform unique operations snipers using special equipment. Since combat missions vary, special equipment used by snipers should have three main characteristics, which are:
reliability
simplicity
accuracy
Special equipment may include; weapons, devices noiseless and flameless fire or monitoring devices.
Armament
Weapons must be sufficiently durable so to withstand the conditions that occur in combat, simple enough to minimise the probability of failure, and accurate enough for sniping. Weapons must be ensured that the group shots within **** at a distance of 600 metres (a group of about 33 centimetres in diameter).
Various modifications of the actual weapons or selection of certain types of ammunition can increase the accuracy of the following types of specialised weapons systems :
Target rifle with the sliding bolt
Sniper Rifles (allocated on the basis of needs, compatibility or to give the characteristic appearance)
Large-calibre long-range sniper rifles
Pistols equipped with optical sights (eg, **************) for easy concealment or as a light multipurpose sniper weapons
Weapons with ***
Silent and flameless fire (silencers)
Silencer-a device thatcan be usedby snipersto misleadobservers (located in front ofthe sniper) with respect to the exact locationof weapons andsniper.Such deception is concealing tell tale signs of shot in two ways
Firstly, the silencer reduces the sound of the shot by an amountat which i tbecome sinaudible already at a short distancefrom the weapon.Such decrease significantly impedes accurate position fixes weapons by the sound, or even makes it impossible.
Secondly, it suppresses the flash shots at night, making a visual position fixes weapons just as hard. Using *** critically important during night operations.
During the production of a sniper shot from a rifle or any other weapon with a high muzzle velocity, the resulting sound is produced by two independent sources, which are;the sound of the shot itself and ballistic impact (sound wave) produced by a bullet, hence:
Sound shot occurs when a sound wave (created by powder gases flowing from high speed) escapes into the atmosphere. The sound is relatively easy to detect because it comes from one point.
Ballistic impact arises from supersonic bullet, which compresses the air in front of exactly the same way as does a supersonic aircraft that overcomes the sound barrier. The only difference is that the small size bullet produces a sharp blow instead of a large wave of high blood pressure with its louder shock wave. Depending on the distance and direction of the weapons, two sounds may be merged into one sound, or they may sound like two different sounds. The farther from the observer weapon is, the more distinct sounds will be selected; for example, at a distance of 600 metres of the interval between the two sounds will be 1 second.
In contrast to the sound of the shot, which comes from the fixed point, ballistic impact diverges in the form of a cone, akin to the waves of a boat, from a point located slightly in front of a moving bullet. Therefore, the sound wave created by a supersonic bullet, the bullet is moving at a speed in the opposite direction from the sound of the shot and the direction of the target. To locate and identify the source of the shock wave is extremely difficult, because the moving wave strikes the ear at an angle of approximately 90 degrees from their places of origin. Therefore it is necessary to pay attention to the direction from which swept a wave instead of watching in the direction of the firing position.
Instruments of Observation and Reconnaissance
In certain cases, a sniper may use special surveillance, generally resulting in an increase in weight and volume of the equipment, which may limit the portability. The sniper must include the use of these devices for the most part in peacekeeping operations or for the defence perimeter of various objects. Following are some of these devices.
Single lens, digital cameras and camcorders. Snipers spend more time watching than shooting. Collection and transmission of intelligence – the most important task of the sniper. And single-lens digital camera – important tools that greatly enhance the ability to conduct visual reconnaissance sniper. CCTV kits are supplied with a group of special forces during operations in urban and rural areas. These kits are connected to the means of communication sniper thus sniper team can provide commanders of the video image in real time, and send images as intelligence. The ability to transmit images greatly increases the utility and deadly capacity of sniper teams.
100-mm telescope. This device is a standard group with boron-surveillance for most units and most often used during the teaching of the sniper. Such pipes are expanding the field of view, which greatly increases the ability of the team to conduct observations from fixed positions.
Group night vision devices. Snipers typically use these devices together with a group weapon (a typical representative of a ******* or other surveillance devices (typical representative is the *******). These give a significant advantage compared to other more compact devices during the observation, when resection goals and night observation. However, their weight and the amount of their use is usually limited only to stationary observation.
Thermal imagers. Now, this somewhat new tool is available for sniper teams. Such devices, such as ***** provide thermal image with a relatively compact size. Thermal imagers can extend the action using conventional means of observation, or can provide continuous monitoring when the light level terrain (eg, star and moonlight) is insufficient for devices operating on the basis of light amplification. Thermal imaging devices are also a good choice for very intense light, illuminates the traditional night vision.
Radar ground reconnaissance and intelligence – signaling apparatus. Once the action sniper monitoring will be integrated into the overall plan for surveillance, the sniper must make every effort to maximise the use of any radar ground reconnaissance in the area of operations. Snipers typically will use these though they are not their own, and by interacting with entities in which they are available. Snipers can use the data to, derived from radar, but must remember that these are dependent on operator error, require interpretation, and are subject to counter the enemy. Absolute trust in the intelligence obtained from the use of these may well be harmful or misleading.
Methods to Determine and Correct for Crosswinds and Target Movement
To defeat the enemy with the first shot (queue) the sniper – you has to quickly identify and take into account the amendments on the side of the wind and the movement of the target.
The guidelines and manuals on small business are the corrections: for average shooting conditions with moderate winds – 4 m / s blowing at an angle of 90 degrees to the plane of fire; to the target speed of 3 m / s running figures.
Remember the value table amendments to all the firing range is impossible, and there is no need. Under real conditions on the battlefield wind speed and direction, as well as the velocity of the target, is defined roughly by eye.
Therefore, the amendment can take into account the so-called mnemonic rules, convenient for storing and giving sufficient for the correction on the accuracy of input data preparation for firing.
Amendments to the crosswind for small arms is convenient to define and take into account the figures purpose. The calculation is usually made in the values of the most typical goal – a human figure (width 0.5 m). The result is easy to recalculate the figures for other purposes.
In a side-moderate winds blowing at an angle of 90 degrees to the plane of fire, the following rule of thumb:
Example: For a small arms rifle cartridge and the cartridge 5.45 mm the wind carries the bullet so as to discard sight two and divide by two. (C-IV)
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Unit
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Secret Intelligence Service
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Sniper Training Notes (C-IV)
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Requirements for Sniper Selection
Sniper School Day One Scribble Notes
Selecting and Masking Positions *
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